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Aviation Safety Inspector Terms and Definitions


Administrator - The FAA Administrator or any person delegated authority in the matter concerned.

Aerospace/Aeronautical Engineer – Responsible for conducting engineering functions in support of aircraft and/or powerplant maintenance with an engineering degree at or above Bachelor’s level.

Air Agency - The holder of an air agency certificate issued by the FAA to conduct flight training operations in accordance with part 141; training, testing, and checking in accordance with part 142; maintenance in accordance with part 145; or maintenance training in accordance with part 147.

Air Carrier - A person who undertakes, directly by lease, or other arrangement, to engage in air transportation. (part 1)

Air Operator - The holder of an operating certificate authorized to conduct operations in accordance with parts 125, 133, or 137.

Air Transportation - Interstate, overseas, or foreign air transportation or the transportation of mail by aircraft. (part 1)

Aircraft - A device that is used or intended to be used for flight in the air. (part 1)

Aircraft Engine - An engine that is used or intended to be used for propelling aircraft. It includes turbosuperchargers, appurtenances, and accessories necessary for its functioning, but does not include propellers. (part 1)

Airframe - The fuselage, booms, nacelles, cowlings, fairings, airfoil surfaces (including rotors but excluding propellers and rotating airfoils of engines), and landing gear of an aircraft and their accessories and controls. (part 1)

Airman - An individual person who is the holder of a certificate issued by FAA as provided in parts 61, 63, or 65.

Airplane - An engine-driven, fixed-wing aircraft heavier than air that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings. (part 1)

Airport - An area of land or water that is used or intended to be used for the landing and takeoff of aircraft, including its buildings and facilities, if any. (part 1)

Appliance - Any instrument, mechanism, equipment, part, apparatus, appurtenance, or accessory, including communications equipment, that is used or intended to be used in operating or controlling an aircraft in flight, is installed in or attached to the aircraft, and is not part of an airframe, engine, or propeller. (part 1)

Approved - Unless used with reference to another person, approved by the Administrator. (part 1)

Avionics - The electronic component of any aircraft system, including electrical generation and distribution, electronic power plant management, communications, navigation, flight control and flight guidance, environmental and emergency systems.

Basic Make/Model - A group of aircraft that has the same type certificate and is separated into different sub-groups by the series; e.g., Boeing 737-100, 737-200, 737-300, and 737-400 are all within the basic make/model of Boeing 737.

Category - As used with respect to the certification, ratings, privileges, and limitations of airmen, a broad classification of aircraft. Examples include airplane, rotorcraft, glider, and lighter-than-air. (part 1)

Certificate Management Responsibility - The continuing program responsibility to assure that the activities of assigned certificated aviation organization(s) or persons are in compliance with the appropriate parts of the Federal Aviation Regulations (14 CFR).

Chief Inspector - The primary coordinator for maintenance related FAA/Government activities and is responsible for compliance with maintenance requirements of applicable Federal Aviation Regulations.

Class - As used with respect to the certification, ratings, privileges, and limitations of airmen, a classification of aircraft within a category having similar operating characteristics. Examples include single engine, multiengine, land, water, gyroplane, helicopter, airship, and free balloon. (part 1)

Crew Chief/Plane Captain – Responsible for performing and scheduling maintenance for a particular make and model of aircraft which may include the technical direction or other mechanics.

Designee - A person that has been approved to act for the Administrator in any of the specific areas identified below. The activities of these designees are regulated by FAA in accordance with part 183.
  1. Designated Airworthiness Representative (DAR)
  2. Designated Mechanic Examiner (DME)
  3. Designated Parachute Rigger Examiner (DPRE)
  4. Designated Flight Engineer Examiner (FEE)
  5. Designated Pilot Examiner (DPE)
  6. Designated Pilot Examiner for 135 Commuter with a need for Airline Transport Ratings (ATPC)
  7. Designated Pilot Examiner for Air Carriers participating in the Aircrew Program Manager System (APD)
  8. Designated Aircraft Dispatch Examiner (DADE)


Director of Maintenance - Ensures all maintenance operations are compliant with FAA accepted Repair Station Manual and applicable FAA regulatory requirements and other agency guidelines for which rated, i.e., Joint Aviation Authorities - JAA, etc. Responsible for providing development, direction, and coordination of aircraft maintenance to ensure airworthiness.

Director of Safety - Ensures the highest degree of safety in a certificate holder's operation.

External Load - A load that is carried, or extends, outside the rotorcraft fuselage.

First Line Maintenance Supervisor (such as Foreman, Shift Supervisor, Shift Manager) – Responsible for first line administrative and technical supervision of aircraft and/or powerplant mechanics which may include lead mechanics, but does not include subordinate supervisors (can not be claimed when Second Level Maintenance Manager is being claimed for the same position).

First Line Supervisory Inspector – Responsible for first line administrative and technical supervision of aircraft and/or powerplant inspection personnel, not including subordinate supervisors (can not be claimed when Second Level Maintenance Manager is being claimed for the same position).

Flight Crewmember - A pilot, flight engineer, or flight navigator assigned to duty in an aircraft during flight time. (part 1)

Flight Engineer – Responsible for in-flight monitoring of systems and performing and coordinating maintenance for a particular make and model of aircraft which may include the technical direction of other mechanics.

Foreign Air Carrier - Any person other than a citizen of the United States, who undertakes directly, by lease, or other arrangement, to engage in air transportation. (part 1)

Geographic Responsibility - The continuing program responsibility of a geographic program manager or geographic partial program manager to plan and conduct surveillance activities on assigned aviation organizations or persons operating or located within the geographic program boundaries, to assure continued compliance with the appropriate parts of the Federal Aviation Regulations (14 CFR).

Helicopter - A rotorcraft that, for its horizontal motion, depends principally on its engine-driven rotors. (part 1)

IFR Conditions - Weather conditions below the minimum for flight under visual flight rules. (part 1)

Inspector – Responsible for performing aircraft and/or powerplant inspections and inspecting the quality of maintenance performed for final airworthiness determination.

Large Aircraft - Aircraft of more than 12,500 pounds maximum certificated takeoff weight. (part 1)

Lead Mechanic – Responsible for giving technical direction to other mechanics and non-certified personnel in addition to performing hands-on maintenance and troubleshooting on aircraft and powerplants.

Line or Flight Chief/Aircraft Maintenance Supervisor or Superintendent/Maintenance Officer – Responsible for managing aircraft and /or powerplant maintenance (production) functions, including the supervision of maintenance personnel and which may include the supervision of subordinate supervisors.

Maintenance - Inspection, overhaul, repair, preservation, and the replacement of parts, but excludes preventive maintenance. (part 1)

Maintenance Supervisor/Manager – Responsible for managing aircraft and/or powerplant maintenance functions, including the supervision of maintenance personnel and which may include the supervision of subordinate supervisors.

Manager above Maintenance Officer - Responsible for the overall management of an aircraft and/or powerplant maintenance entity to include maintenance and/or inspection functions including the supervision of subordinate supervisors and maintenance personnel.

Mega Carrier - A part 121 operator that has 100 or more large turbine powered aircraft.

Piston-Powered Aircraft - An aircraft that is powered by reciprocating engine(s) certificated under the design and construction requirements in subpart C of part 33.

Public Aircraft Operators - A federal, state, or local government owning or operating an aircraft as defined in Public Law 103-411.

Quality Assurance Representative - Responsible for performing audit functions for an operator required to have a continuous airworthiness maintenance program and which includes interfacing with outside aviation entities such as manufacturers, maintenance facilities, and the Federal Aviation Administration.

Quality Assurance Specialist – Government – Responsible for performing audits and inspections functions on government contractors providing aircraft and/or powerplant maintenance or manufacturing services.

Quality Control Inspector – Manufacturing - Responsible for performing inspection of aircraft, propellers, and/or powerplants during the manufacturing process to assure that the assembled product meets appropriate airworthiness standards.

Quality Control Inspector/Technical Representative – Military – Responsible for performing aircraft and/or powerplant inspections and inspecting the quality of maintenance performed for final airworthiness determination.

Rating - A statement that, as a part of a certificate, sets forth special conditions, privileges, or limitations. (part 1)

Required Inspection Items (RII) - Tasks that are subjected to a duplicate inspection carried out by a person who is specifically trained, authorized and certificated to carry out the RII.

Rotorcraft - A heavier-than-air aircraft that depends principally for its support in flight on the lift generated by one or more rotors. (part 1)

Second Level Maintenance Manager (such as Director of Maintenance, Director of Quality Control) – Responsible for the overall management of an aircraft and/or powerplant maintenance entity to include maintenance and/or inspection functions including the supervision of subordinate supervisors (excluding lead mechanics).

Small Aircraft - Aircraft of 12,500 pounds or less maximum certificated takeoff weight. (part 1)

Supervisory Quality Control Inspector – Air Carrier - Coordinates and supervises activities related to the inspection/quality control functions to ensure continuous production of products consistent with established standards and compliance with Federal Aviation Regulations. Responsible for first line direction of inspections/quality assurance employees involved in development, implementation and maintenance of quality assurance systems, standards and activities.

Supervisor Quality Control Inspector – Manufacturing – Responsible for managing an aircraft and/or powerplant manufacturer’s quality control program including the supervision of quality control inspectors.

Supervisory Quality Control Inspector – Military - Responsible for managing aircraft and/or powerplant inspection functions including the supervision of inspection personnel.

Technical Service Representative – Manufacturing - Responsible for representing an aircraft, powerplant, and/or propeller manufacturer to the aviation industry by serving as a technical expert on a product.

Training Center Evaluator - A person employed by a training center certificate-holder who performs tests for certification, added ratings, authorizations, and proficiency checks that are authorized by the certificate-holder's training specification. (part 142)

Turbine Engine - An aircraft engine certificated under the design and construction requirements of subpart E for part 33.

Turbine-Powered Aircraft - An aircraft powered by one or more turbine engines and includes the industry terms turboprop, turbofan, turbojet, and turboshaft.

Turbojet Aircraft (As referenced in the OPM classification standard) - A kind of turbine-powered aircraft. See the definition of turbine-powered aircraft.

Type - As used with respect to the certification, ratings, privileges, and limitations of airmen, a specific make and basic model of aircraft, including modifications thereto that do not change its handling or flight characteristics. Examples include: DC-9, B-727, L1011, B-747-400.

VFR Authorization Only - An authorization granted to a part 135 on-demand air carrier which prohibits aircraft operations in instrument flight rule conditions.

14 CFR - Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations which covers Federal Aviation Regulations. Throughout this guide, references to "part" or "section," followed by a number, refers to that specific part or section of 14 CFR.

63 Training Program - A non-certificated training facility that holds a current and valid FAA approval to conduct a flight engineer training course in accordance with section 63.43 or a flight navigator training course in accordance with section 63.61.

65 Training Program - A non-certificated training facility that holds a current and valid FAA approval to conduct an aircraft dispatcher training course in accordance with section 65.61.

91 Operator - A person (as defined in part 1) that operates a U.S. registered civil aircraft, the operation of which normally requires a pilot with at least a commercial pilot certificate. This includes operations identified by industry accepted terms such as corporate operator, executive operator, flying club and industrial operator; and includes operators that hold a deviation or an exemption which allows operations under part 91 in lieu of other applicable regulations.

121 Operator - A certificated air carrier as defined in part 119, the operation of which is regulated by FAA in accordance with part 121.

125 Operator - A certificated air operator as defined in part 119, the operation of which is regulated by FAA in accordance with part 125.

133 Operator - A certificated air operator operating a helicopter in external load operations which are regulated by FAA in accordance with part 133.

135 Operator - A certificated air carrier as defined in part 119, the operation of which is regulated by FAA in accordance with part 135.
  1. 135 Commuter - A part 135 operator that carries passengers on at least five round trips per week on at least one route between two or more points according to published flight schedules operating either: 1) airplanes, other than turbojet powered airplanes, having a maximum passenger-seat configuration of 9 seats or less, excluding any pilot seat, and the maximum payload capacity of 7,500 pounds or less, or 2) rotorcraft.
  2. 135 On-demand (10 or more) (Airworthiness Only) - A part 135 operator operating aircraft that has a passenger seating capacity of 10 seats or more and does not meet the criteria described in A, above.
  3. 135 On-demand (9 or less) (Airworthiness Only) - A part 135 operator that does not meet the definition criteria in A or B above.
  4. 135 On-demand (Operations Only) - A part 135 operator that does not meet the definition criteria in A, above.
  1. Single Pilot/Single PIC Operations - The lowest level of certification requirements allowed for use by a part 135 on-demand air carrier which is specified in part 135 for a single pilot operator or a single pilot-in-command (PIC) operator and which is approved in the air carrier's operations specifications.
  2. Basic 135 Operations - The intermediate level of certification requirements allowed for use by a part 135 on-demand air carrier which is specified in part 135 for basic operations and which is approved in the air carrier's operations specifications.
  3. Full 135 Operations - The highest level of certification requirements for a part 135 on-demand air carrier which is required when the air carrier can not qualify for a lower level (i.e., single pilot, single PIC, or basic) as specified in part 135 and approved in the air carrier's operations specifications.


137 Operator - A certificated air operator operating aircraft designed to dispense liquid or solid chemicals or minerals while the aircraft is in flight, the operation of which is regulated by part 137.

141 Pilot School - A certificated air agency that conducts pilot training courses, the operation of which is regulated by FAA in accordance with part 141.

142 Training Center - A certificated air agency that provides training, testing, and checking under contract or other arrangement to airmen subject to the requirements of 14 CFR, the operation of which is regulated by FAA in accordance with part 142.

145 Repair Station - A certificated air agency that conducts maintenance on aircraft, aircraft engines, propellers, appliances, or accessories, the operation of which is regulated by FAA in accordance with part 145.

147 Mechanic School - A certificated air agency that conducts maintenance training courses, the operation of which is regulated by FAA in accordance with part 147.